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Michael Buckhoff’s “7 Step System to Pass the TOEFL iBT
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The good news is that the TOEFL iBT does not have a “drill and kill” grammar section like the Paper-Based TOEFL. Nevertheless, your grammar will be evaluated by human raters in the independent and integrated speaking sections.
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Table: Examples of Basic and Complex Grammar Structures
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Basic Grammatical Structures |
Complex Grammatical Structures |
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Past, present, future, progressive verbs |
Adjective clauses |
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Yes/No questions |
Reduced adjective clauses with active and passive meanings |
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Wh-Questions |
Noun clauses |
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Positive and negative statements |
Reduced noun clauses |
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Expletives: There is/are; it is |
Gerunds |
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Nouns (regular and irregular count and non-count) and pronouns (subject, object, possessives, reflexives) |
Infinitives |
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Articles and prepositions |
Adverbs clauses: cause-effect, |
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Comparative adjective and adverbs; other types of adverbs and adjectives |
Adverb clauses: conditionals, wishes, |
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Regular and irregular superlatives |
Connectives: contrast
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Subject verb agreement |
Connectives: cause and effect |
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Modals (necessity, lack of necessity, making suggestions, advisability)
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Connectives: condition |
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Passive verbs |
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Time adverb clauses |
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In addition to having good control of basic and complex grammar structures, you will need to avoid errors which obscure meaning. However, you can make minor or systematic errors. The following examples will demonstrate the difference between the two.
An error which obscures meaning: The woman suggests that the student talk to a counselor. Then *he* tells the student to come to her office tomorrow afternoon.The speaker’s shifting from “the woman” to “he” makes it difficult to understand who is involved in the conversation.
Systematic error which does not obscure meaning: The woman *suggest* that the student talk to a counselor. Then she tells the student to come to her office tomorrow afternoon. Even though the speaker uses the plural form of “suggest” instead of the singular form “suggests,” it does not obscure meaning. And that the speaker may commit this error several times during the speech qualifies it as a systematic error.
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